Lysosomal Regulations

New Discoveries on Lysosomal Regulations Related Research A mechanism in phagocytosis involving TFEB-dependent Fcγ-receptor activation was found to enhance lysosomal degradation. The results of this study suggest that phagosomes and lysosomes are capable of bi-directional signaling. (Cell Current Biology, 2016) Motility is crucial for lysosomes to traffic towards cargo-carrying vesicles for the degradation of biomacromolecules. Here, the release of Ca2+ through lysosomal Ca2+ channel TRPML1 was found to regulate lysosome motility, positioning and tubulation. (Nature Cell Biology, 2016) Results of this study unveiled a lysosomal response to the arrival of autophagosomal cargo in which OCRL plays a key role. Depleting or inhibiting OCRL leads to an accumulation of lysosomal PtdIns(4,5)P2, an inhibitor of the calcium channel mucolipin-1 that controls autophagosome–lysosome fusion. (Nature Cell Biology, 2016) Lysosomal Membrane Proteins and Diseases   Gene Name   Gene ID   Gene Mutation Related Diseases   CLCN7   1186   Malignant infantile osteopetrosis   CLN3   1201   Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis   CTNS   1497   Cystinosis   HGSNAT   138050   Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC   LAMP2   3920   Danon disease   LMBRD1   55788   Cobalamin F-type disease   MCOLN1   57192   Mucolipidosis type IV   MFSD8   256471   Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis   NPC1   4864   Nemann-Pick type C   OSTM1   28962   Malignant infantile osteopetrosis   SCARB2   950   Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome   SLC17A5   26503   Salla disease Lysosomal Regulations (Click to see your products of interest)

Eight Product Categories and 200+ Products
63 Monoclonal Antibodies 49 Polyclonal Antibodies 2 Antibody Pairs 45 Recombinant Proteins	1 ELISA and Assay Kits 36 RNAi 2 FISH Probes 15 Cell Transient Overexpression Lysates

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CD63 monoclonal antibody, clone MEM-259 (PerCP) MAB6493

Immunofluorescence staining of human primary fibroblasts with CD63 monoclonal antibody, clone MEM-259 (Cat # MAB6493, green) after co-incubation of living cells with human Transferrin-Dyomics 547 (red) . Cell nuclei stained with DAPI (blue).

ATP6V1A monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 4F5
H00000523-M02

Immunohistochemistry staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human placenta with ATP6V1A monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 4F5 (Cat # H00000523-M02) at 3 ug/mL.

LAMP2/CENXp FISH Probe
FG0059

Fluorescent in situ hybridization of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human colon cancer (FFPE) with LAMP2/CENXp FISH Probe. (Cat # FG0059).

LAMP2 (Texas Red)
CENXp (FITC)

References

Matthew A. Gray, et. al. (2016). Cell Current Biology. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.070 Xinran Li, et. al. (2016) Nature Cell Biology, DOI: 10.1038/ncb3324 Maria Giovanna De Leo, et. al. (2016) Nature Cell Biology. DOI: 10.1038/ncb3386

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200+ New Recombinant Antibodies to Accelerate Your Research with Precision

Exosome Biomarkers

New Discoveries on Exosome Related Research Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex), with surface expression of MHC-peptide complexes, are able to interact with immune cells. Having conducted in advanced malignancies, these nanometer-sized Dexs are able to mediate T and NK cell-based immune response in patients as a feasible and safe immunotherapy for cancer. (The Journal of Clinical Investigation,2016) Tumor derived exosomes (TDEs) carry epithelial mesenchymal transition inducers to invade organ-specific cells and induce organotropic metastasis through stromal remodeling and pre-metastatic niche formation. Pharmacological agents targeting TDE biogenesis, secretion and function, such as heparanase/ syndecan-1 axis, may exert anti-metastatic activity. (Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,2016) Exosome-transmitted IncARSR, by acting as a competing endogenous RNA, can induce sunitinib resistance in renal cancer. IncARSR competitively binds miR-34/miR-449 to facilitate AXL and c-MET expression in renal cell carcinoma and promote sunitinib resistance. Thus, IncARSR may be a potential therapeutic target to restore drug sensitivity. (Cancer Cell,2016) Tumor-derived Exosomes in Tumor Microenvironment (Click to see your products of interest) Eight Product Categories and 770+ Products 314 Monoclonal Antibodies 209 Polyclonal Antibodies 54 Antibody Pairs 76 Recombinant Proteins 43 ELISA and Assay Kits 38 RNAi 6 FISH Probes 31 Cell Transient Overexpression Lysates Featured Products BIRC5 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 5B10 H00000332-M01 Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells with BIRC5 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 5B10 at the concentration of 10 ug/mL. HSP90AB1 monoclonal antibody, clone 5G4 MAB10686 Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells using HSP90AB1 monoclonal antibody, clone 5G4 (green), DRAQ5 fluorescent DNA dye (blue) and Alexa Fluor-555 phalloidin (red). TSG101 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 5B7 H00007251-M01 Immunohistochemsitry analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue using TSG101 monoclonal antibody, clone 5B7 at the concentration of 3 ug/mL. References Pitt, JM., et.al. (2016). The Journal of Clinical Investigation. DOI:10.1172/JCI81137 Syn, N., et.al. (2016). Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2016.04.006 Qu, L., et. al. (2016). Cancer Cell. DOI:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.004 New Products   300 High standard Rabbit Polyclonal Antibodies for Immunohistochemsitry Analysis

Eukaryotic Transcription Cycle

New Discoveries on Eukaryotic Transcription Cycle Enhancers were found to be at the heart of deciphering contemporary regulatory biology. The discovery of enhancer RNA (eRNA)-producing transcription units as most functional enhancers has profound implications in future understanding of gene regulation, development and disease. (Nature Reviews Genetics, 2016) A pioneer factor FoxA was found to displace linker histone H1, thereby keeping enhancer nucleosomes accessible in chromatin and allowing other liver-specific transcription factors to bind and stimulate transcription. This discovery provided new evidence for nucleosomal configuration of open chromatin and the basis for its regulation mechanism. (Molecular Cell, 2016) A pooling-based approach was introduced to mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for molecular-level traits. These QTLs not only affect local chromatin and transcription but also influence long-range chromosomal contacts, demonstrating a role for natural genetic variation in chromosomal architecture. The findings of this research suggested that transcription factor (TF) binding variation may play a crucial role in human phenotypic variation. (Cell, 2016) RNA polymerases  Name  Subcellular Location  Transcription Product(s)  RNA Polymerase I  Nucleolus  rRNAs  RNA Polymerase II  Nucleus  mRNAs, snRNAs, siRNAs, miRNAs  RNA Polymerase III  Nucleus  tRNAs, 5s rRNAs, snRNA U6, SRP RNA, other short RNAs  Abbreviation   Full Name   CPSF   Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor   CSTF   Cleavage stimulation factor   DSIF   DRB sensitivity-inducing factor complex   NELF   Negative elongation factor   PAFc   Polymerase-associated factor complex   PAB   Poly(A) binding protein   PAP   Poly(A) polymerase   SECs   Super elongation complexes   TF   Transcription factor Eight Product Categories and 10,000+ Products 3510 Monoclonal Antibodies 3562 Polyclonal Antibodies 505 Antibody Pairs 1958 Recombinant Proteins 127 ELISA and Assay Kits 1959 RNAi 164 FISH Probes 838 Cell Transient Overexpression Lysates Featured Products POLR2F monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 2G2 H00005435-M02 Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells with POLR2F monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 2G2 (Cat # H00005435-M02) at 10 ug/mL. EAF1 purified MaxPab mouse polyclonal antibody (B01P) H00085403-B01P Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) staining of human stomach (FFPE) with EAF1 purified MaxPab mouse polyclonal antibody (B01P) (Cat # H00085403-B01P) at 3 ug/mL. MLL/CEN11p FISH Probe FG0016 Fluorescent in situ hybridization of human lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma (FFPE) with MLL/CEN11p FISH Probe (Cat # FG0016). MLL (Texas Red) CEN11p (FITC) References Wenbo Li, et.al. (2016). Nature Review Genetics. DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.4 Makiko Iwafuchi-Doi, et. al. (2016) Molecular Cell. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.001 Ashley K. Tehranchi, et. al. (2016) Cell. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.041 Related Products   300 New monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry to accelerate your work with precision and accuracy

Cell-Surface Vimentin Monoclonal Antibody

Vimentin, a 57kDa type III intermediate filament, is responsible for architecture of cytoplasm.1 As a popular intracellular epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, overexpression of vimentin in cancer cells was known for its high correlation with cancer progression. Apart from secretion under some circumstances, vimentin can also be recruited to the cell surface, known as cell surface vimentin (CSV), to participate in cell adhesion, migration and cellular signaling.2 The significance of CSV is related to its involvement in autoimmune disorders, viral infection and cancer. CSV expression on activated marcophages, platelets and apoptotic T lymphocytes evidenced its connection to human neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis further supports its association with inflammatory diseases.3 Being a putative anti-viral drug target, CSV also takes parts in viral multiplication by directly facilitate internalization of virion.4 Recently, breakthroughs on identifying CSV as cancer specific EMT marker, in association with metastatic phenotypes in aggressive cancer and sarcoma, has made an impact on cancer research community. Because unlike intracellular vimentin, the cell surface detection of CSV enables the isolation of cancer cells.5,6,7 Abnova obtains worldwide exclusive license of the patented CSV monoclonal antibody, clone 84-1, from MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States. This antibody has been validated for its intended use in majorities of cancer cell lines by both immunofluoresence and flow cytometry.8 As a sole provider for this powerful tool, Abnova hopes to propel the investigations on cancer research with specificity and broad applicability. CSV monoclonal antibody, clone 84-1 H00007431-M08 CSV Expression in Different Cell Lines8 Cell Line CSV Cell Line CSV Cell Line CSV Breast   Bone   Liver     MCF-7 (H) +   OS-25 (H) ++   AMC14 (M) ++   SKBR3 (H) +   HOS (H) ++ Colon     MDA-MB-231 (H) +   MG-263 (H) ++   DLD-1 (H) ++   MDA-MB-453 (H) +   LM7 (H) +   GEO (H) ++   MDA-MB-458 (H) ++   SAOS-2 (H) +   OS-187 (H) ++   4T1 (M) +   OS25 (H) +   SW620 (H) + Brain     OS-O (H) ++   SW480 (H) +   SKNAS (H) ++   OS-D (H) +   HCT-116 (H) +   SKNBE2 (H) +++   U2OS (H) +   HT-29 (H) ++   NGP (H) +   CCH-OSD (H) +   Caco-2 (H) +   SH-SY5Y (H) ++   K7 (M) ++   CT-26 (M) +   LAN5 (H) ++   K7M2 (M) +++ Pancreas     KCN (H) +   DUNN (M) +   PANC-1 (H) ++   DBT (M) +   LM8 (M) +++   MiaPACA-2 (H) +   U251 (H) +   OST-DL-391 + Other   Bladder     OST-DL-393 +   FBL3 (M) +++   RT4V6 (H) +   OST-DL-396a ++   SCCVII (M) +   T24 (H) ++         Flow Cytometry Using CSV monoclonal antibody, clone 84-1 (H00007431-M08) CSV Expression in Cancer Cell Lines Immunological assessment of CSV in various cancer cell lines and normal cell lines using flow cytometry in which only cancer cells, including GEO (colorectal cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) and PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer) can be detected by CSV, 84-1.6 CSV Expression in Sarcoma Cell Lines Immunological assessment of CSV in various cancer cell lines and normal cell lines using flow cytometry in which only cancer cells, including SKNBE-2 (neuroblastoma), RH-41 (rhabdomyosarcoma) and LM7 (osteosarcoma) can be detected by CSV, 84-1.5 Sorting of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (HCC) Stem-cell liked cancer cell populations, csVim+ CD133- and csVim- CD133+, were isolated and sorted into sub-G1, G1, S and G2 phases from primary HCC using CSV, 84-1.7 Immunofluorescence Using CSV monoclonal antibody, clone 84-1 (H00007431-M08) Analysis of CSV-specific 84-1 monoclonal antibody Cell surface staining of CSV in LM7 (osteosarcoma) cancer cell line using confocal microscopy. Cells were stained for CSV (green), WGA (red) and nucleus DRAQ5 (blue). CSV monoclonal antibody 84-1 co-localized with WGA indicated cell surface vimentin.5 Detection of CSV in HPC-1-derived Spheres on Geltrex-coated Wells Vimentin (green) was detected at the periphery of 3-dimensional HPC-derived sphere model. Since cells at periphery were more aggressive, the invasivephenotype correlated with increase nuclear accumulation of β-catenin (red).6 Detection of CSV on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Circulating tumor cells derived from colorectal cancer patients were stained for nucelus (blue), cell surface vimentin (green) and specific EMT biomarkers (red), including FOXC2, TWIST-2, SNAIL, SLUG, EpCAM and E-cadherin.6 References 1. Mitra, A. and Li, S. (2014). J Cancer Prev Curr Res. DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2014.01.00014 2. Satelli, A. and Li, S. (2011). Cell Mol Life Sci. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0735-1 3. Moisan, E. and Girard, D. (2005). JLB. DOI:10.1189/jlb.0405190 4. Yu, YT., et. al. (2016). Journal of Biomedical Science. DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0234-7 5. Satelli A., et al. (2014). Cancer Research. DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1739. 6. Satelli A., et al. (2014). Clinical Cancer Research. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0894. 7. Mitra, A., et al. (2015). IJC. DOI:10.1002/ijc.29382. 8. Satelli A. (2014). WIPO. WO 2014/138183 A1. Related Products   Proteoliposome Expression Kit for High Performance Membrane Protein Expression

RAS Signaling Cancer Research

New Discoveries on RAS Signaling Cancer Research ERK inhibitor alone can suppress the growth of KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer cell lines and in combination with PI3K inhibition, they can cause synergistic cell death. However, long-term treatment of ERK inhibitor has found to create unexpected senescence and resistence mediated through the degradation of MYC and enhanced basal signaling of PI3K-AKT-mTOR, resepctively. (Cancer Cell,2016) Combination treatment of trametinib and palbociclib on KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer patient derived xenograft models was fround well tolerated and efficacious; it has demonstrated the concept of co-targeting MEK and CDK4/6 can result in anti-tumor activity. This approach may improve the therapeutic outcome for those who are suffering from metastatic colorectal cancer in the future. (Clinical Cancer Research,2016) Through the activation and postive feedback of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) facilitates the hepatoma cell proliferation. Recently, bromodomain containing 7 (BRD7), a tumor suppressor triggered by Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling, was found to attenuate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development through the negative regulation of the same pathway. Thus, the balance between BRD7 and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK activity is crucial for the regulation of HCV derived HCC . (Cancer Letters,2016) Ras Signaling for Cancer Growth Suppression (Click to see your products of interest) Eight Product Categories and 1500+ Products 303 Monoclonal Antibodies 638 Polyclonal Antibodies 221 Antibody Pairs 135 Recombinant Proteins 67 ELISA and Assay Kits 85 RNAi 28 FISH Probes 33 Cell Transient Overexpression Lysates Featured Products KRAS monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 3B10-2F2 H00003845-M01 Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells with KRAS monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 3B10-2F2 at 10 ug/mL. PDK1 monoclonal antibody, clone 4A11 MAB10380 Immunohistochemsitry analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue using PDK1 monoclonal antibody, clone 4A11 with DAB staining. MTOR monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 2C5 H00002475-M01 Proximity Ligation Analysis of protein-protein interactions between AKT1 and MTOR. HeLa cells were stained with anti-AKT1 rabbit purified polyclonal at 1:1200 and anti-MTOR mouse monoclonal antibody at 1:50. Each red dot represents the detection of protein-protein interaction complex, and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). References Hayes, T.K., et.al. (2016). Cancer Cell. DOI:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.11.011 Ziemke, E.K., et.al. (2016). Clinical Cancer Research. DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0829 Zhang, Q., et. al. (2016). Cancer Letters. DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.027 New Products   270+ High standard IHC antibodies and 30 ELISA Kits to enhance your research

Neurodegenerative Disorder

New Discoveries on Neurodegenerative Disorder Strong evidence has emerged to implicate disturbed mitochondrial fusion and fission as central pathological components underpinning a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Imbalances in mitochondrial fusion and fission affects respiratory chain function, mitochondrial quality control (mitophagy), and programmed cell death. The same cellular processes are also implicated in more-common complex neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. This indicates a common pathological thread and a close relationship among mitochondrial structure, function and localization. (Nature Reviews Neurology, 2015) A mitochondrial fission arrest phenotype may cause elongated interconnected organelles, "mitochondria-on-a-string" (MOAS). Findings suggest that MOAS formation may occur at the final stages of fission process and was not associated with altered translocation of activated dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) to mitochondria but with reduced GTPase activity. The findings on this research brings new attention to the major role of mitochondrial dynamics in regulating neuronal survival. (Scientific Reports, 2016) Mutations in Parkin and PINK1 cause an inherited early-onset form of Parkinson's disease. The two proteins function together in a mitochondrial quality control pathway. Here, a binding switch between phospho-ubiquitin (pUb) and the ubiquitin-like domain (Ubl) of Parkin was found to play a key role in the release of auto-inhibited ubiquitin ligase activity of Parkin. (The EMBO J, 2015) Neurodegenerative Disorders Alzheimer's Disease Abs Huntington's Disease Abs Parkinson's Disease Abs Mitochondria Implicated Neurodegenerative Disorder Pathways (Click to see your products of interest) Eight Product Categories and 1000+ Products 250 Monoclonal Antibodies 397 Polyclonal Antibodies 35 Antibody Pairs 201 Recombinant Proteins 8 ELISA and Assay Kits 189 RNAi 9 FISH Probes 100 Cell Transient Overexpression Lysates Featured Products IGH/BCL2 DY Translocation FISH Probe FT0011 Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization of human cholangiocarcinoma (FFPE) with IGH/BCL2 DY Translocation FISH Probe (Cat # FT0011). IGH (FITC) BCL2 (Texas Red) PARK2 monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 1H4 H00005071-M01 Immunofluorescence of HeLa Cells with PARK2 monoclonal antibody (Cat # H00005071-M01) at 10 ug/mL. BCL2L1 & BAX Protein Protein Interaction Antibody Pair DI0068 Proximity Ligation Assay of HeLa cells with Anti-BCL2L1 rabbit purified polyclonal antibody (1:1200) and anti-BAX mouse monoclonal antibody (1:50). DAPI (blue) References Florence Burté, et.al. (2015). Nature Review Neurology. DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.228 Liang Zhang, et. al. (2016) Nature Scientific Reports, DOI: 10.1038/srep18725 Véronique Sauvé, et. al. (2015) The EMBO Journal. DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592237 New Products   200 New Monoclonal antibodies for IHC staining to accelerate your work with precision and accuracy