Eukaryotic Transcription Cycle

New Discoveries on Eukaryotic Transcription Cycle Enhancers were found to be at the heart of deciphering contemporary regulatory biology. The discovery of enhancer RNA (eRNA)-producing transcription units as most functional enhancers has profound implications in future understanding of gene regulation, development and disease. (Nature Reviews Genetics, 2016) A pioneer factor FoxA was found to displace linker histone H1, thereby keeping enhancer nucleosomes accessible in chromatin and allowing other liver-specific transcription factors to bind and stimulate transcription. This discovery provided new evidence for nucleosomal configuration of open chromatin and the basis for its regulation mechanism. (Molecular Cell, 2016) A pooling-based approach was introduced to mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for molecular-level traits. These QTLs not only affect local chromatin and transcription but also influence long-range chromosomal contacts, demonstrating a role for natural genetic variation in chromosomal architecture. The findings of this research suggested that transcription factor (TF) binding variation may play a crucial role in human phenotypic variation. (Cell, 2016) RNA polymerases  Name  Subcellular Location  Transcription Product(s)  RNA Polymerase I  Nucleolus  rRNAs  RNA Polymerase II  Nucleus  mRNAs, snRNAs, siRNAs, miRNAs  RNA Polymerase III  Nucleus  tRNAs, 5s rRNAs, snRNA U6, SRP RNA, other short RNAs  Abbreviation   Full Name   CPSF   Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor   CSTF   Cleavage stimulation factor   DSIF   DRB sensitivity-inducing factor complex   NELF   Negative elongation factor   PAFc   Polymerase-associated factor complex   PAB   Poly(A) binding protein   PAP   Poly(A) polymerase   SECs   Super elongation complexes   TF   Transcription factor Eight Product Categories and 10,000+ Products 3510 Monoclonal Antibodies 3562 Polyclonal Antibodies 505 Antibody Pairs 1958 Recombinant Proteins 127 ELISA and Assay Kits 1959 RNAi 164 FISH Probes 838 Cell Transient Overexpression Lysates Featured Products POLR2F monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 2G2 H00005435-M02 Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells with POLR2F monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 2G2 (Cat # H00005435-M02) at 10 ug/mL. EAF1 purified MaxPab mouse polyclonal antibody (B01P) H00085403-B01P Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) staining of human stomach (FFPE) with EAF1 purified MaxPab mouse polyclonal antibody (B01P) (Cat # H00085403-B01P) at 3 ug/mL. MLL/CEN11p FISH Probe FG0016 Fluorescent in situ hybridization of human lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma (FFPE) with MLL/CEN11p FISH Probe (Cat # FG0016). MLL (Texas Red) CEN11p (FITC) References Wenbo Li, et.al. (2016). Nature Review Genetics. DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.4 Makiko Iwafuchi-Doi, et. al. (2016) Molecular Cell. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.001 Ashley K. Tehranchi, et. al. (2016) Cell. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.041 Related Products   300 New monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometry to accelerate your work with precision and accuracy